使用鸿蒙WebView创建简单浏览器 step 1-51CTO.COM

1. 打开官网,找到WebView的文档(模拟器不支持)

鸿蒙webview的开发指南(原始链接,方便大家识别并点击):https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-guides/ui-java-component-webview-0000001092715158

2. 创建一个Page Ability,把基本布局弄好

下面是代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<DirectionalLayout 
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" 
    ohos:height="match_parent" 
    ohos:width="match_parent" 
    ohos:orientation="vertical"> 
    <DirectionalLayout 
        ohos:height="30vp" 
        ohos:width="match_parent" 
        ohos:orientation="horizontal"> 
        <TextField 
            ohos:id="$+id:text_webView_Url" 
            ohos:height="match_content" 
            ohos:width="match_parent" 
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_ability_simple_web_view" 
            ohos:focus_border_enable="true" 
            ohos:hint="请输入网址" 
            ohos:max_text_lines="1" 
            ohos:multiple_lines="false" 
            ohos:scrollable="true" 
            ohos:text="www.harmonyos.com" 
            ohos:text_size="50" 
            ohos:weight="1" 
            /> 
        <Button 
            ohos:id="$+id:button_webview_Surf" 
            ohos:height="match_content" 
            ohos:width="60vp" 
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_element" 
            ohos:text="跳转" 
            ohos:text_size="50"/> 
    </DirectionalLayout> 
    <ProgressBar 
        ohos:id="$+id:other_webView_progressBar" 
        ohos:height="10vp" 
        ohos:width="match_parent" 
        ohos:visibility="hide"> 
    </ProgressBar> 
    <ohos.agp.components.webengine.WebView 
        ohos:id="$+id:webview_webview_webview" 
        ohos:height="match_parent" 
        ohos:width="match_parent" 
        ohos:weight="1"> 
    </ohos.agp.components.webengine.WebView> 
    <DirectionalLayout 
        ohos:height="30vp" 
        ohos:width="match_parent" 
        ohos:orientation="horizontal"> 
        <DirectionalLayout 
            ohos:height="match_content" 
            ohos:width="match_parent" 
            ohos:orientation="horizontal" 
            ohos:weight="1"> 
            <Button 
                ohos:id="$+id:button_webview_back" 
                ohos:height="match_content" 
                ohos:width="match_parent" 
                ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_element" 
                ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center" 
                ohos:text="向后" 
                ohos:text_size="50" 
                > 
            </Button> 
        </DirectionalLayout> 
        <DirectionalLayout 
            ohos:height="match_content" 
            ohos:width="match_parent" 
            ohos:orientation="horizontal" 
            ohos:weight="1"> 
            <Button 
                ohos:id="$+id:button_webview_refresh" 
                ohos:height="match_content" 
                ohos:width="match_parent" 
                ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_element" 
                ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center" 
                ohos:text="刷新" 
                ohos:text_size="50"> 
            </Button> 
        </DirectionalLayout> 
        <DirectionalLayout 
            ohos:height="match_content" 
            ohos:width="match_parent" 
            ohos:orientation="horizontal" 
            ohos:weight="1"> 
            <Button 
                ohos:id="$+id:button_webview_forward" 
                ohos:height="match_content" 
                ohos:width="match_parent" 
                ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_element" 
                ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center" 
                ohos:text="向前" 
                ohos:text_size="50"> 
            </Button> 
        </DirectionalLayout> 
    </DirectionalLayout> 
</DirectionalLayout>

3.把基本的按钮事件弄好

代码

Component.ClickedListener clickedListener = new Component.ClickedListener() { 
     @Override 
     public void onClick(Component component) { 
         int componentId = component.getId(); 
         switch (componentId) { 
             case ResourceTable.Id_button_webview_Surf: { 
                 urlAddress = textWebViewUrl.getText(); 
                 if (urlAddress.isEmpty()) { 
                     return; 
                 } 
                 if (!urlAddress.startsWith(FinalValue.URL_HTTPS)) { 
                     urlAddress = FinalValue.URL_HTTPS + urlAddress; 
                 } 
                 webView.load(urlAddress); 
 
                 
             } 
             break; 
             case ResourceTable.Id_button_webview_back: { 
                 if (webView.getNavigator().canGoBack()) { 
                     webView.getNavigator().goBack(); 
                 } 
             } 
             break; 
             case ResourceTable.Id_button_webview_refresh: { 
                 webView.reload(); 
             } 
             break; 
             case ResourceTable.Id_button_webview_forward: { 
                 if (webView.getNavigator().canGoForward()) { 
                     webView.getNavigator().goForward(); 
                 } 
             } 
             break; 
             default: { 
                 System.out.println("没有选择任何的页面"); 
             } 
             break; 
         } 
     } 
 };

4.把WebView照文档上面的要求弄好

没啥好说的,就是规定.我加在了调用load方法打开网址那行代码后面,我还弄了一个跟进度条关联的功能

//允许javascript交互 
 
                  WebConfig webConfig = webView.getWebConfig(); 
                  webConfig.setDataAbilityPermit(true); 
                  webConfig.setJavaScriptPermit(true); 
                  webConfig.setLoadsImagesPermit(true); 
                  webConfig.setMediaAutoReplay(true); 
                  webConfig.setLocationPermit(true); 
                  webConfig.setSecurityMode(WebConfig.SECURITY_SELF_ADAPTIVE); 
 
                  webView.setWebAgent(new WebAgent() { 
                      @Override 
                      public void onLoadingPage(WebView webView, String url, PixelMap favicon) { 
                          super.onLoadingPage(webView, url, favicon); 
                          // 这儿我加了一个更新网址文本框中新页面url的功能 
                          if (url != urlAddress) { 
                             textWebViewUrl.setText(url); 
                          } 
 
                      } 
 
                      @Override 
                      public void onPageLoaded(WebView webView, String url) { 
                          super.onPageLoaded(webView, url); 
                          // 页面加载结束后自定义处理 
                      } 
 
                      @Override 
                      public void onLoadingContent(WebView webView, String url) { 
                          super.onLoadingContent(webView, url); 
                          // 加载资源时自定义处理 
                      } 
 
                      @Override 
                      public void onError(WebView webView, ResourceRequest request, ResourceError error) { 
                          super.onError(webView, request, error); 
                          // 发生错误时自定义处理 
                      } 
                  }); 
                  webView.setBrowserAgent(new BrowserAgent(SimpleWebViewAbilitySlice.this) { 
                      @Override 
                      public void onTitleUpdated(WebView webView, String title) { 
                          super.onTitleUpdated(webView, title); 
                          // 标题变更时自定义处理 
                      } 
 
                      @Override 
                      public void onProgressUpdated(WebView webView, int newProgress) { 
                          super.onProgressUpdated(webView, newProgress); 
                          if (newProgress < FinalValue.PROGRESS_BAR_FINISHED) { 
                              otherWebViewProgressBar.setVisibility(Component.VISIBLE); 
                              otherWebViewProgressBar.setProgressValue(newProgress); 
                          } else if (newProgress == FinalValue.PROGRESS_BAR_FINISHED) { 
                              otherWebViewProgressBar.setVisibility(Component.HIDE); 
                          } 
                          // 加载进度变更时自定义处理 
                      } 
                  });

5.完事?or完了还有事?

从上面拷代码的话,估计完事了.但是,我是用的回忆,但是代码却没有回退,所以我还是有必要在这儿把步骤中的问题说一说,方便不拷代码的同学也能跑出一个界面.主要体现如下:

1.权限配置,不多说

"reqPermissions": [ 
     { 
       "name": "ohos.permission.INTERNET" 
     } 
   ]

2.xml中的WebView要带包名

<ohos.agp.components.webengine.WebView 
      ohos:id="$+id:webview_webview_webview" 
      ohos:height="match_parent" 
      ohos:width="match_parent" 
      ohos:weight="1"> 
  </ohos.agp.components.webengine.WebView>

不按上面包名写的话:

真机运行后没有WebView的界面.哪怕weight=1,也不行
点击跳转按钮后,PageAbility会闪退,回到首屏(调用它的页面)

完事效果:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1tK4y1o7Hz/

6.完整代码

布局

序号为2的步骤中贴全了

按钮背景

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" 
       ohos:shape="rectangle"> 
    <corners 
        ohos:radius="20"/> 
    <solid 
        ohos:color="#70dbdb"/> 
</shape>

java代码

package com.javaaier.family.huawei.slice; 
 
import com.javaaier.family.huawei.ResourceTable; 
import com.javaaier.family.huawei.common.FinalValue; 
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice; 
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent; 
import ohos.agp.components.*; 
import ohos.agp.components.webengine.*; 
import ohos.media.image.PixelMap; 
 
/** 
 * @Author JavaAIer 
 * @Description : webview控件例子1:用于简单的测试webview的用法 <br/> 
 * 001 简单webview示例 
 * @Date: 2021/4/16 
 */ 
public class SimpleWebViewAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice { 
    String urlAddress; 
 
 
    ProgressBar otherWebViewProgressBar; 
    TextField textWebViewUrl; 
    Button buttonWebViewSurf, buttonWebViewBack, buttonWebViewRefresh, buttonWebViewForward; 
    WebView webView; 
 
    Component.ClickedListener clickedListener = new Component.ClickedListener() { 
        @Override 
        public void onClick(Component component) { 
            int componentId = component.getId(); 
            switch (componentId) { 
                case ResourceTable.Id_button_webview_Surf: { 
                    urlAddress = textWebViewUrl.getText(); 
                    if (urlAddress.isEmpty()) { 
                        return; 
                    } 
                    if (!urlAddress.startsWith(FinalValue.URL_HTTPS)) { 
                        urlAddress = FinalValue.URL_HTTPS + urlAddress; 
                    } 
                    webView.load(urlAddress); 
 
                    //允许javascript交互 
 
                    WebConfig webConfig = webView.getWebConfig(); 
                    webConfig.setDataAbilityPermit(true); 
                    webConfig.setJavaScriptPermit(true); 
                    webConfig.setLoadsImagesPermit(true); 
                    webConfig.setMediaAutoReplay(true); 
                    webConfig.setLocationPermit(true); 
                    webConfig.setSecurityMode(WebConfig.SECURITY_SELF_ADAPTIVE); 
 
                    webView.setWebAgent(new WebAgent() { 
                        @Override 
                        public void onLoadingPage(WebView webView, String url, PixelMap favicon) { 
                            super.onLoadingPage(webView, url, favicon); 
                            // 页面开始加载时自定义处理 
                            if (url != urlAddress) { 
                               textWebViewUrl.setText(url); 
                            } 
 
                        } 
 
                        @Override 
                        public void onPageLoaded(WebView webView, String url) { 
                            super.onPageLoaded(webView, url); 
                            // 页面加载结束后自定义处理 
                        } 
 
                        @Override 
                        public void onLoadingContent(WebView webView, String url) { 
                            super.onLoadingContent(webView, url); 
                            // 加载资源时自定义处理 
                        } 
 
                        @Override 
                        public void onError(WebView webView, ResourceRequest request, ResourceError error) { 
                            super.onError(webView, request, error); 
                            // 发生错误时自定义处理 
                        } 
                    }); 
                    webView.setBrowserAgent(new BrowserAgent(SimpleWebViewAbilitySlice.this) { 
                        @Override 
                        public void onTitleUpdated(WebView webView, String title) { 
                            super.onTitleUpdated(webView, title); 
                            // 标题变更时自定义处理 
                        } 
 
                        @Override 
                        public void onProgressUpdated(WebView webView, int newProgress) { 
                            super.onProgressUpdated(webView, newProgress); 
                            if (newProgress < FinalValue.PROGRESS_BAR_FINISHED) { 
                                otherWebViewProgressBar.setVisibility(Component.VISIBLE); 
                                otherWebViewProgressBar.setProgressValue(newProgress); 
                            } else if (newProgress == FinalValue.PROGRESS_BAR_FINISHED) { 
                                otherWebViewProgressBar.setVisibility(Component.HIDE); 
                            } 
                            // 加载进度变更时自定义处理 
                        } 
                    }); 
                } 
                break; 
                case ResourceTable.Id_button_webview_back: { 
                    if (webView.getNavigator().canGoBack()) { 
                        webView.getNavigator().goBack(); 
                    } 
                } 
                break; 
                case ResourceTable.Id_button_webview_refresh: { 
                    webView.reload(); 
                } 
                break; 
                case ResourceTable.Id_button_webview_forward: { 
                    if (webView.getNavigator().canGoForward()) { 
                        webView.getNavigator().goForward(); 
                    } 
                } 
                break; 
                default: { 
                    System.out.println("没有选择任何的页面"); 
                } 
                break; 
            } 
        } 
    }; 
 
    /** 
     * @Author JavaAIer 
     * @Description : 
     * @Date: 2021/4/16 14:46 
     * * @param intent 
     */ 
    @Override 
 
    public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
        super.onStart(intent); 
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_simple_web_view); 
        otherWebViewProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_other_webView_progressBar); 
        textWebViewUrl = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_webView_Url); 
        buttonWebViewSurf = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button_webview_Surf); 
        buttonWebViewSurf.setClickedListener(clickedListener); 
        buttonWebViewBack = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button_webview_back); 
        buttonWebViewBack.setClickedListener(clickedListener); 
        buttonWebViewRefresh = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button_webview_refresh); 
        buttonWebViewRefresh.setClickedListener(clickedListener); 
        buttonWebViewForward = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button_webview_forward); 
        buttonWebViewForward.setClickedListener(clickedListener); 
        webView = (WebView) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_webview_webview_webview); 
 
 
    } 
 
    @Override 
    public void onActive() { 
        super.onActive(); 
    } 
 
    @Override 
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) { 
        super.onForeground(intent); 
    } 
} 
/* 
* 这一截卡哇伊大喵在config.json用了,我发现用不用没啥区别啊 
* https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33259323/article/details/115596296 
*  "default": { 
      "network": { 
        "cleartextTraffic": true, 
        "securityConfig": { 
          "domainSettings": { 
            "cleartextPermitted": true, 
            "domains": [ 
              { 
                "subdomains": true, 
                "name": "www.harmonyos.com" 
              } 
            ] 
          } 
        } 
      } 
    } 
* 
* */

   
- config.json  
   
   ``` json  
   {  
     "app": {  
       "bundleName": "com.javaaier.family.huawei",  
       "vendor": "javaaier",  
       "version": {  
         "code": 1,  
         "name": "1.0"  
       },  
       "apiVersion": {  
         "compatible": 5,  
         "target": 5,  
         "releaseType": "Beta1"  
       }  
     },  
     "deviceConfig": {  
     
     },  
     "module": {  
       "package": "com.javaaier.family.huawei",  
       "name": ".MyApplication",  
       "deviceType": [  
         "phone"  
       ],  
       "distro": {  
         "deliveryWithInstall": true,  
         "moduleName": "entry",  
         "moduleType": "entry"  
       },  
       "abilities": [  
         {  
           "skills": [  
             {  
               "entities": [  
                 "entity.system.home"  
               ],  
               "actions": [  
                 "action.system.home"  
               ]  
             }  
           ],  
           "orientation": "unspecified",  
           "name": "com.javaaier.family.huawei.MainAbility",  
           "icon": "$media:icon",  
           "description": "$string:mainability_description",  
           "label": "$string:app_name",  
           "type": "page",  
           "launchType": "standard"  
         },  
         {  
           "orientation": "unspecified",  
           "name": "com.javaaier.family.huawei.SimpleWebViewAbility",  
           "icon": "$media:icon",  
           "description": "$string:simplewebviewability_description",  
           "label": "$string:app_name",  
           "type": "page",  
           "launchType": "standard"  
         }  
       ],  
       "reqPermissions": [  
         {  
           "name": "ohos.permission.INTERNET"  
         }  
       ]  
     }  
   }

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